██████ ████████

██ ██████████ █ ██ ███████████ ██ ███████ ████████, ██ ██████ ████████, █ ██████ ███████████, █ ██ ██████ ██ ███ ██████████ ███████ ███████ ████ █████ █████████ ███████████, █████ ██ ██████ ${\displaystyle (\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\ast )}$ █ ████████ ██

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\ast \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\ast \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{\forall }\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\in \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}.}$

██ ████ ██████ ███ ██████████ █████████ █████ ██████ ████. ██ ██ ██ ██████ ██ █████ ████████████ ███ █'██████████ ███ █ ███████████, ██ ██ █████████ █ ████ ████ ██████ ███ ████████ █ ██████ ███ ███████████. ███ █ ██████ ████████ ███ █ ██████ ████████ ███████ ███ ██████ ████████. ██ ███████ █████ ███ ██████ ██ ███ █ ███ ████████ █ █████ ██ █████ ██████████ █████ ██████ ██ █████.

██ ██████ ███ ██████ ████████ █ ████████████ ███ ████████ ██ ██████ ███ ██████ ███ ████████. ██ ███████████ █ ██████ ████████ ██████ ████ ███ ██████████ █ █████████████ ████████████.

• █ ██████ ██████ ███ █'██████ █████████ ████ ██ ██████ ████████.
• ███ ██ ████████, █████ █ ██████ ███████ ████ ████████, ███████, ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ██ ██████████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\in \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},}$ ██████

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}.}$

• █ ██████ █████████ █ █ ██████ █████ ███ █'██████ █████████ ████ ██ ██████ ████████. █ ██████ █████████ █████ ██ ████ █ █ ██████ █████ █████ ██ ████ ███ █'██████ ███████████████ ████ ██ ██████ ████████.
• ███ ██ ████████, ████ █████ ${\displaystyle (\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},+,\cdot )}$ ██ ███████ ██ ████ ████████ █ ███ ██████ ████████: ██ ██████ ████████ ${\displaystyle (\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},+)}$ ██ ██ █████████ ████ █'█████████ █ ██ ██████ ██████████████ ${\displaystyle (\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\setminus \{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\},\cdot )}$ ████ █████ ████████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███████ ██ ████ █ ████████████ ██ ████ ██████████ ██ ███████████████.
• ██ ███████ ██ ██████ ███ ███████████ █ ████ ████'███████ █████ ███████ ████████ ███████████ ███ █'██████ ███████████████ ███ ███████ █████ ███ ███████.

• ████ ██████ ████████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ ██████ ██████ ██ ███ █████████ ██ ██████ ████'██████ ${\displaystyle \mathbb{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ ██████ ██████ ███ ████████ ████: ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\in \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\in \mathbb{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},}$ █'████████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ████████ ████ ██ ████████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$-████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ████████ ███'██████████ ██ ██████, █████: ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}:=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\dots +\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███████, █ ${\displaystyle (-\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}:=-(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$. ██ █████, █ ██████ ██ ${\displaystyle \mathbb{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███████ ██████ ████████████ ███ █ ██████ ████████.

• ████ ███████████ ██ ██ ██████ ████████ █ ███████, ██ ███ ██████ █████████ ██ ██████ █████████ █ ███████ ██ ████ ███████████. ███████████, ██████ █████████, ████████ █ █████ ███████ ██ ██████ ████████ ████ ██████ ██████ ████████.

• █'███████ █████ ███████████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$ ███ ███ ██████ ████████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███████████ █ ███ █████ ██ ██████ ████████ ███ █'██████████ ${\displaystyle (\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}):=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})+\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$, ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>},\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}:\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\to \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\in \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}.}$

██████ ███████████ ███████████ ██ ███ █████████ ████ ██ ██████ ████████, ███████, ██ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ███ ███████ ████████, ███████:

${\displaystyle (\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\ast \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\ast \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}):=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\ast \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\ast \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\ast \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\ast \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\ast \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})\ast \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}(\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>})}$