█████ (██████)

███████, █████ ███ ████ ███████ ███████ ████ ███ ███ █████ ██████ █████ ██████ █████ ██████ ██████ ████ ██████, ██████ ██████ █████ ███ ███████ █████ ██████ █████ ████.

█████ ████ █████ ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ (██████ ███████ ████)

████ █████ ████ ██████ ███ ██████ ██ ███ ██████ ████ ████ ██████ █████ ███, ██████ ████ ██████ ████ █████ ████ █████ ██████ ████ █████ █████:

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}={\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{||}\cdot \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="3"\; class="word\; redacted">███</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\cdot \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$

█████ ██ ████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █████ ██ ████ ████, ██████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ ████ ██ █████ ███████ ████ ███ ██ ████, █████ ${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}$ █████ ██ ██████ ███ █████ █████ ████ ██████ █████ ████.

████ █████ ██ ███ ██ ███ ██ ████, ██████ ██████ ██:

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}={\int }_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\overrightarrow{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\cdot \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\overrightarrow{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$

████ ███ █████ ██████ ██████ ████, ██ ████ █████. ███████ ██████ ███ █████ ██████ █████ ████: ███ █████████ ██████ ██████, ███ ██████ ██████ ██ ████ ██ ███ ████ ████ ██████ ███ ████ ████ ████ ███████, ██ ███ █████ ██████ ███ █████ ██ █████ ████ █████ ██████ ██████.

█████ █████ ██████ ███████ ██ ███ █'██. █'██ ███ ████ ███ ██████ ██ ███ ██ ██████ ███ █████ ██████ ██████ █████ █████ █████ ███. █████ ███ █████ ████ ██ ████ ███████ ███, ██ ████ ███████ ███ ███ █████ █████ ████████ ██████ ███, ████ ██████ ███ ████, █████ ██ █████ ███ ██████ ███████ ██████ ███████ ██████ █'██.

███ ██████ ████████ ██████ ███████ █████ █████ █████ (██ ██) ██ ███████-███, ███, ███ ███-███, ███-█████, ███████.

█████ ███████ ██████ ██ ███: ██ ██ ████ ██████-██████, █████ ███████ ███████ ██ ███ ██████, ████ ██████ ██████ ██████ ██ ████ █████ █████ ██ (████ ██ ██████ ██ ████ █████):

${\displaystyle \mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}=\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}-\frac{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; word-length="1"\; class="word\; redacted">█</span>}}}$